KUASA-KUASA GLOBALISASI

3 KUASA YANG TELAH MEMPENGARUHI PROSES GLOBALISASI EKONOMI ADALAH :

Yang pertamanya, penambahbaikan dalam teknologi telah mengurangkan kos pengangkutan barang, perkhidmatan, dan faktor-faktor pengeluaran ( bahan mentah dan komponen ) dan komunikasi.

Yang keduanya pula adalah, seseorang individu ataupun sekelompok masyarakat tersebut telah mengambil kesempatan terhadap penurunan kos komunikasi dan pengangkutan.

KEDUA-DUA FAKTOR DI ATAS TERSEBUT TELAH MENINGKATKAN PROSES PERDAGANGAN DOMESTIK DI SAMPING MENINGKATKAN BERLAKUNYA AKTIVITI PELANCONGAN DI SESEBUAH NEGARA.

Manakala yang ketiga pula adalah, berlakunya peningkatan wilayah integrasi ekonomi.

WHEN DID GLOBALIZATION BEGIN ???

WHILE MOST AGREE THAT GLOBALIZATION IS NOT A RECENT PHENOMENON, THERE IS NO REAL CONSENSUS ABOUT THE TIME WHEN GLOBALIZATION BEGAN.

*** SOME CONSIDER THE FIRST MILESTONE OF GLOBALIZATION TO BE THE FIRST GREAT EXPANSION OF EUROPEAN CAPITALISM IN THE 16TH CENTURY, FOLLOWING THE FIRST CIRCUMNAVIGATION OR THE EARTH IN 1519-1521.

*** SOME ARGUE THAT GLOBALIZATION BEGAN WHEN THE LAYING OF THE FIRST SUCCESSFUL TRANSATLANTIC TELEGRAPH CABLE IN 1866, WHICH, BY PROVIDING A REAL TIME COMMUNICATIONS LINK BETWEEN EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA, TRANSFORMED THE INFORMATION ENVIRONMENT.

*** ANOTHER ARGUMENT IS, GLOBALIZATION TOOK BETWEEN 1875-1925, WHICH SAW THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE AND WORLD TIME ZONES, THE NEAR-GLOBAL ADOPTION OF THE GREGORIAN CALENDAR, AND THE INSTITUTION STANDARDS OF TELEGRAPHY AND SIGNALING.

*** OTHERS BELIEVE THAT GLOBALIZATION BEGAN AFTER WORLD WAR II WITH THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE UNITED NATIONS. 

*** OTHERS ARGUE THAT THERE WAS JUST AS MUCH GLOBALIZATION IN THE 19TH CENTURY AS THERE IS TODAY. EXAMPLE: THERE WAS NO NEED FOR PASSPORTS, AND MOST PEOPLE MOVED FREELY FROM ONE COUNTRY TO ANOTHER.

Globalisasi adalah satu FENOMENA

Memang sudah terang lagi bersuluh bahawa GLOBALISASI adalah satu FENOMENA yang menghubungkan manusia di seluruh dunia.

Semua kita di dalam dunia berkongsi persekitaran, udara, dan keadaan sekeliling yang sama tetapi ramai yang tidak menyedarinya sehingga timbulnya isu 'global warming' dan penyakit 'mad cow'. Pada keadaan genting sebegitu, seluruh dunia mula merasai betapa dekatnya kita antara satu sama lain. Keadaan ini mula dirasai kerana kita  melihat isu tersebut boleh merebak dengan pantasnya dan meluasnya.

Pemanasan global atau global warming adalah berkaitan dengan peningkatan suhu DUNIA. Peningkatan suhu dunia inilah yang menyebabkan masyarakat dunia mula sedar akan berlakunya pengglobalisasian dunia ini. Perubahan iklim biasanya berlaku dalam tempoh 10,000 tahun tetapi akibat globalisasi dunia yang melampau, perubahan iklim telah berubah dalam tempoh 100 tahun sahaja. Saban tahun, GLOBALISASI semakin pantas, semakin pesat. Apa yang menakutkan adalah apabila ahli sains meramalkan keseluruhan ais laut di Artik akan cair pada musim panas 2099. Litupan ais Greenland dan Antartika Barat akan mencair. Paras laut akan maningkat kira-kira 7 meter secara mendadak! 

Berhati- hatilah wahai masyarakat dunia.

MOVEMENT OF INFORMATION

THE MOVEMENT OF INFORMATION FROM ONE COUNTRY TO ANOTHER OCCURS BY TELEVISION AND RADIO STATIONS, THE INTERNET, TELEPHONE, FAX AND OTHER MEANS.

One field that is familiar to most is the area of mobile phones, and it provides an excellent example of GLOBALIZATION. The telecommunications industry has historically been heavily regulated by governments include market entry and access to networks. The ability to use your mobile phone as you travel from one country to another depends upon the willingness of each government to subscribe to the same broadcasting standard. Yet in the 1980's even as business was becoming increasingly international , the communications industry focused on exclusively local selular solutions, none of which was remotely compatible with any of the others.

DO YOU KNOW?

IN 1982, THE GROUP SPECIALE MOBILE (GSM) WAS ESTABLISHED. GSM IS A TRANSEUROPEAN MOBILE PHONE NETWORK THAT INCLUDES 500 OPERATORS IN 207 COUNTRIES INCLUDING THE UNITED STATES(US.

GSM HAS MORE THAN 998 MILLION CUSTOMERS AROUND THE WORLD.BESIDES, THERE ARE SOME 130 KEY MANUFACTURES AND SUPPLIERS TO THE GSM INDUSTRY.TODAY, YOUR MOBILE PHONE USING GSM TECHNOLOGY, SWITCHES AUTOMATICALLY TO A LOCAL CARRIER AS YOU TRAVEL FROM ONE COUNTRY TO ANOTHER.

MOVEMENTS OF PEOPLE

GENERALLY REFERS TO THE ABILITY TO MIGRATE FROM ONE COUNTRY TO ANOTHER.

: : Migration is motivated by the desire to improve one's economic status and/or degree of freedom. Thus, migration trends generally have been from developing to developed countries and from politically unstable regions to stable ones.

SOME COUNTRIES HAVE LARGE MIGRANT POPULATIONS

About 74% of the United Arab Emirates' population and 59% of Kuwait's population consists of migrants. Some Western countries also have high migrant populations. Examples : Switzerland and Australia ( 25%), New Zealand (23%) and Canada ( 19%).

ONE OF THE MOST LIBERALIZED AREAS IN THE WORLD IS THE EUROPEAN UNION     ( EU ) 

Citizens of the EU can work in any of the member countries, subject to fulfilling spesific work standards such as those required of physicians and lawyers.

While the enlargement of the EU from 15 to 25 countries in May 1, 2004, was accompanied by ceremonies and a lot of goodwill, the original 15 can apply immigration quotas on citizens of the 10 joining countries for a period of up to 7 years. Germany, Italy, and Sweeden announced that they would apply this rule in full, while others, such as the UK, Greece, and Belgium, will apply the rule partially.

Globalisasi adalah SEGALANYA???

Menurut pembacaan saya, perkataan GLOBALISASI atau 'globalization' ditakrifkan sebagai hampir semua perkara atau kejadian yang berlaku di dalam dunia sekarang ini adalah hasil daripada titik tolak GLOBALISASI.Antara contoh yang dapat membuktikan kenyataan di atas adalah seperti :

1) Menghantar sekumpulan besar ahli angkasawan dalam misi ke bulan.

2) Penubuhan perjanjian perdagangan di antara Kanada, Mexico, dan Amerika.

3) Adanya lawatan rombongan 'circus' Russia ke Belgium, France, dan Itali.

4) Penyiaran rancangan di televisyen yang merangkumi semua rancangan di seluruh dunia.Ini termasuklah seperti Astro,Parabola, dan lain-lain lagi.

 

BUKAN ITU SAHAJA!!!

SEGALANYA yang dimaksudkan bagi GLOBALISASI adalah mungkin dengan adanya :

•               'Computer chips' pernah dan telah direka bentuk  di Silicon Valley dan telah dikeluarkan atau diproses di Asia Timur.
•               NBA Basketball misalannya dahulu hanya dikuasai atau dimonopoli oleh pemain Amerika..Namun kini, sedikit demi sedikit permainan basketball atau bola keranjang telah menjadi sangat popular di seluruh dunia terutamanya di Eropah Barat. Permainan ini secara tidak langsungnya telah ter GLOBALISASI secara meluas sehingga turut menjadi sangat popular di Amerika Selatan ,Asia, dan Eropah Timur. Melihat kepada pemain bola keranjang dunia kini bukan sahaja dimainkan oleh warga Amerika semata-mata malah telah terdiri daripada pemain dari pelbagai negara.

MOVEMENTS OF CAPITAL

Movements of Capital has been LIBERALIZED !

It is so interesting when : You have a bank account in New York. You can transfer your money freely to a relative in London, England by making a phone call to your bank branch. If you want to make a purchase from a German company advertised on the Internet, you may do so using a credit card. 

Besides, large companies transfer capital from one country to another in the same manner. For example, the Ford Motor Company has subsidiaries and dealers located throughout the world. It produces not only the well known American brands such as Lincoln and Mercury, but also foreign brands such as Aston Martin and Jaguar (UK), Volvo(Sweeden),and Mazda(Japan).

JAGUAR (UK)

FORD

More examples is if company headquarters located in Dearborn, Michigan, decides to build a new plant in the United Kingdom (UK), funds for this purpose may originate from its operations in the United States or from its operations in other countries. Moreover, part of the profits from overseas operations may be transfererd to the United States.

ALL OF THESE CAPITAL MOVEMENTS MAY BE UNRESTRICTED, ALTHOUGH THEY MAY BE SUBJECT TO TAX LAWS IN THE VARIOUS COUNTRIES.

THE MOVEMENTS OF GOODS

Thomas L.Friedman, The Lexus and the Olive Tree : Understanding Globalization : Microchips, satellites, fiber optics, aNd the internet are able to wave the world together. They allow companies to locate different parts of their production, research, and marketing in different countries, but tie them together through computers and teleconferences as though they were in one places.

MOVEMENTS OF GOODS... 

Prior to World War II, goverment attempted to protect domestic industry by levying high taxes against the importation of goods from other countries. High taxes made many imported goods relatively expensive compared to domestically produced goods. Thus, domestic manufactures were protected against foreign competition. However, trade wars erupted due to more taxes on imports and the quantity of imported goods are extremely restricted.

A number of international organizations were formed in order to liberalize trade among nations. The first of these is GATT ( General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ). GATT was established in 1947 by 24 countries. The major objectives of the GATT were the reduction in existing tariffs and other trade restriction, and settlement of trade disputers. Since the GATT's establishment, tariffs have been reduced. The result of these negotiations was a reduction in the world's tariff levels to about one-fourth of what they had been at the end of World War II.

                                                 

In 1995, the GATT was succeeded by the WTO ( World Trade Organization ), which is now the only global-international organization that deals with the rules of trade between nations. The goal of the WTO is to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business with a minimum red tape.

Another significant international organization that was established following World War II was the European Economic Community (EEC), created by the Treaty of Rome, signed in March 1957 by France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Holland, and Luxembourg. In 1972, Great Britain, Ireland, and Denmark were added and by the mid 1980s, Greece, portugal, and Spain became EEC members. Today, the organization now called the European Union ( EU ), has 25 members. Its objectives are the elimination of all restrictions on the movement of goods and services, capital and people among its members.

G.L.O.B.A.L.I S.A.S.I ?

Kata orang, tak kenal maka tak cinta. Maka, dalam usaha untuk pembaca semua jatuh cinta dengan blog saya, saya akan memperkenalkan terlebih dahulu isu utama yang akan dikupas di dalam blog saya ini. Blog ini merupakan tugasan untuk subjek Globalisasi dan Pembangunan Negara. Oleh itu, lebih penting kiranya pembaca sekalian untuk memahami definisi globalisasi itu terlebih dahulu. Biarlah saya dan pembaca sama-sama jatuh cinta kepada globalisasi. :)

1. Dana Kewangan Antarabangsa menakrifkan Globalisasi sebagai pergantungan ekonomi yang semakin berkembang antara negara melalui kenaikan jumlah dan kepelbagaian tukaran barangan dan perkhidmatan,pergerakan pelaburan antarabangsa bebas,dan peresapan teknologi yang lebih pesat dan meluas.


2. Forum Antarabangsa mengenai Globalisasi pula mendefinisikan Globalisasi sebagai gerakan dunia kepada satu sistem ekonomi sejagat yang didominasi perdagangan korporat dan institusi supernasional yang tidak dipertanggungjawab kepada proses demokrasi atau kerajaan-kerajaan negara.

Saya Dan Dunia Globalisasi di Sekeliling Saya

Pinang Bukan Sebarang Pinang,

Pinang Dari Pulau Mutiara,

Pemanis Kata Selamat Datang,

Awal Bismillah Pembuka Bicara!

Cantik Mawar Sayang Berduri,

Petik Diletak Di Atas Talam, 

Aryma Johari Nama Diberi,

Puteri Santubong Menghulur Salam.